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Starts out as isotonic but turns into a hypotonic solution The ONLY solution administered with blood transfusion.įluid overload- putting too much fluid back into the extracellular compartment (especially in patients with kidney and heart failure):ĭextrose 5% in Water (D5W) *: replaces water and glucose Help expand plasma (intravascular) which is part of the extracellular compartmentĮxperiencing a loss fluid here in the extracellular compartment due to vomiting, diarrhea (need some sodium and chloride back), hypovolemic shock, burns, or prior to surgery (will be losing ECF in surgery)Ġ.9% Normal Saline: replaces water, sodium, and chloride Result? Water will equally transfer in and out of the cell (no swelling or shrinkage of the cell) Same osmolarity as the blood (same concentration of solutes) This is all based on the concentration of electrolytes (hence solutes) in the IV fluid. Will it move water in or out of the cell or keep it equal? It tells us about how that fluid entering the extracellular compartment (hence that intravascular space) will affect the intracellular compartment. This refers to that STRENGTH of that fluid. Hypo: means “low” and this means this fluid’s solute concentration is lower than the blood plasma Hyper: means “high” and this means this fluid’s solute concentration is higher than the blood plasma Iso: means “equal” and this means this fluid’s solute concentration matches or is equal to that of the blood plasma The prefix: iso, hypo, hyper tells us about the concentration of solutes in that fluid The prefix and suffix of the fluid type’s name tells you about how the fluid works. ![]() There are three main types of IV fluids: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic This can be done by administering various types of IV fluids that have different osmolarities or solute concentrations, which will move water in or out of these fluid compartments. We can use the principles of osmosis and osmolarity to help treat patients who need fluids replaced based on what fluid compartment needs to be treated by shifting fluids around. Low osmolarity = low amount of solutes in a solution but high amount of water High osmolarity = high amount of solutes in a solution but low amount of water Water molecules move through a semi-permeable membrane that only allows water through. In healthcare, we administer IV fluids to the intravascular compartment to help expand it (if we need to) or shift fluids around in these compartments via a process called osmosis to help correct fluid imbalances or other problems that can occur with the intracellular and extracellular spaces. They work together to maintain a homeostatic environment in the body by shifting around water, electrolytes, and other nutrients to help keep a balanced environment via different types of transport processes, such as osmosis.īody Fluid Compartments + Osmosis + IV fluids = Shifting of Body Water These compartments are all interconnected with their own amount of electrolytes and water. What’s the Big Deal about these Compartments? This is the fluid found in certain body cavities like the spinal fluid, fluid around the heart/lungs, and joints etc. ![]() This is the fluid found inside the blood vessels and contains so many important substances like electrolytes, blood cells, and so forth. It plays a vital role in helping be a medium for electrolytes and other substances to move to and from the cell to the plasma with the assistance of the capillaries. This is the fluid that surrounds the outside of the cells or found in between the cells. It includes 3 fluid compartments: Interstitial ![]() This is the compartment outside of the cell, and it accounts for 1/3 of our body water. ExtracellularĮxtra means outside of and cellular means cell = outside of the cell Memory Tip: most of our fluid is inside the cell. This is the compartment inside of the cell and accounts for a 2/3 of our body water. Intra means inside and cellular means cell = inside the cell
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